Design of windows xp

In addition, Windows XP is designed for symmetrical multiprocessing; on a multiprocessor computer, several threads can run at the same time. Extensibility refers to the capacity of an operating system to keep up with advances in computing technology. So that changes over time are facilitated, the developers implemented Windows XP using a layered architecture. The Windows XP executive runs in kernel or protected mode and provides the basic system services.

On top of the executive, several server subsystems operate in user mode. Among them are environmental subsystems that emulate different operating systems. Because of the modular structure, additional environmental subsystems can be added without affecting the executive. Windows XP uses a client-server model like the Mach operating system and supports distributed processing by remote procedure calls RPCs as defined by the Open Software Foundation.

An operating system is portable if it can be moved from one hardware architecture to another with relatively few changes. Windows XP is designed to be portable.

A DLL is a file that is mapped into a process's address space such that any functions in the DLL appear to be part of the process.

The HAL manipulates hardware directly, isolating the rest of Windows XP from hardware differences among the platforms on which it runs. Although for market reasons Windows shipped only on Intel IA compatible platforms, it was also tested on IA32 and DEC Alpha platforms until just prior to release to ensure portability.

Microsoft recognizes the importance of multiplatform development and testing, since, as a practical matter, maintaining portability is a matter of use it or lose it. Windows XP is also designed for international and multinational use. The NLS API provides specialized routines to format dates, time, and money in accordance with various national customs. String comparisons are specialized to account for varying character sets.

System text strings are kept in resource files that can be replaced to localize the system for different languages. Multiple locales can be used concurrently, which is important to multilingual individuals and businesses. Having trouble in finding the notes for your syllabus?

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Ans: Design Issues Making the multiplicity of processors and storage devices transparent to the users has been a key challenge to many designers. Ideally, a distributed system should look to its users like a conventional, centralized system. The1 user interface of a transparent distributed system should not distinguish between local and remote resources.

That is, users should be able to access remote resources as though these resources were local, and the distributed system should be responsible for locating the resources and for arranging for the appropriate interaction. Ans: Robustness A distributed system may suffer from various types of hardware failure. The failure of a link, the failure of a site, and the loss of a message are the most common types.

To ensure that the system is robust, we must detect any of these failures, reconfigure the system so that computation can continue, and recover when a site or a link is repaired. Ans: We survey two capability-based protection systems. These systems vary in their complexity and in the types of policies that can be implemented on them.

Neither system is widely used, but they are interesting proving grounds for protection theories view more.. That is, to the extent possible, all device drivers appear as normal files. A user can open an access channel to a device in the same way she opens any other file—devices can appear as objects within the file system.

The system administrator can create special files within a file system that contain references to a specific device driver, and a user opening such a file will be able to read from and write to the device referenced.

By using the normal file-protection system, which determines who can access which file, the administrator can set access permissions for each device. Linux splits all devices into three classes: block devices, character devices, and network devices. Ans: Communication Protocols When we are designing a communication network, we must deal with the inherent complexity of coordinating asynchronous operations communicating in a potentially slow and error-prone environment.

If you don't dosn't the person that uploaded them. Then don't download it. Or don't use it as your main OS. Plus Windows XP no longer is being support by Microsoft.

You could easily get malware and etc because of it. The point of having it up on the archive is it could still be found. The reason im going to download load this is to have a VM running as i need it.

I'll turn it on. Use for whatever i need it for. Then turn it off couple hours later. Setup cannon continue. Any work-around for this? Reviewer: BLU - - February 19, Subject: to the person below, Sometimes you don't need a product key or it won't work. So if you wanna activate your copy, then you can call microsoft activation center and a lot of the time it works. Reviewer: rc7Loser - favorite - October 24, Subject:. Uh can you edit this post but instead add working product keys? Windows XP is designed for a symmetrical multiprocessing function Catthoor et al, Major Elements of Process Management The key elements of process management of Windows XP involve the incorporation abilities of the cache memory to ensure that data is securely stored and can be recovered in the event of a disaster.

The arrangement of the file system in terms of data storage and recovery is a key element of the process management to ensure the user can interface their activities well Chaganti, Hence the Windows XP design for intent is in agreement with its process management. Another element in process management is that the executive provides services for the deletion, creation and using of threads and processes.

As a result, this makes it easy for the user to organize their work according to their preferences. Windows XP provides the service of enabling one to leave control processes concerning child-parent relationship or even processes hierarchies to given environmental subsystem that has ownership of the process. To effect this, Windows XP has a process management of password implementation. Methods for Inter-Process Communication In the case of inter-process communication of Windows XP, each Win32 thread has their input queue whereby a thread receives messages from for the issued commands.

Therefore, Win32 applications allow process intercommunication through the sharing of kernel objects. Message passing is also another element of inter-process communication which ensures that one thread sends a message to a window or even to another thread. It also ensures that a thread can send data within the same message. Win32 is more reliable than the input of bit windows since one stuck operation does not affect the operation of other applications. As well, XP has two internal networking interfaces that make it easy to describe the networking capabilities in Windows XP.

One of these interface is Transport Driver Interface that enables layer session components to use the available transport mechanism available. Transport protocols can be dynamically loaded and unloaded from the system. Another interface is Network Device Interface Specification, which is responsible for the separation of transport protocols from network adapters to enable the changing of either of them without affecting the other.

Therefore, this prevents the collision of activities that reduce the device's efficiency. Major Elements of Memory Management One of the memory management elements of Windows XP is that it has a thread-local storage that allocates a global storage by per-thread. Besides, this mechanism provides dynamic and static forms of creating a thread local storage. Functions that rely mostly on global data are characterized by failure due to the occurrence of a multithreaded environment and therefore Win32 has such feature that enable the operating system to can in such environments Another major elements of memory management is the heap in the Win32, which is a reserve address space.

The process is usually created with a default heap of 1MB access and is then synchronized to protect the space allocation within the heap from damage by multiple threads and concurrent threads Stallings, Hence, the complete-bound threads occupy any available CPU cycles in the background of the device.

Windows XP has trends that give great response times to concurrent threads that are using the Windows and the mouse. As a result, such characteristics make it easy for the user to program activities and work fast and effectively Another element of scheduling is that it uses a level priority scheme that determines the order in which thread execution is done.